Journal: Frontiers in Neurology

Article Title: Repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation improves motor function in rats with spinal cord injury and is associated with upregulation of EphA4 signaling pathway proteins

doi: 10.3389/fneur.2026.1726570

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative expression level of EphA4 mRNA detected by RT–PCR. rTSMS treatment effectively increased EphA4 mRNA expression in rats with acute SCI, with this effect potentially peaking at approximately week 4. The data are presented as the means ± standard deviations. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; ns, not significant. CON, control group; rTSMS, repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation group; S-rTSMS, sham stimulation group; SO, sham-operated.

Article Snippet: For immunofluorescence, the following primary antibodies were used: a rabbit polyclonal anti-EphA4 antibody (Product # 21875-1-AP, Proteintech; 1:50 dilution), which targets a protein of approximately 120 kDa, and a rabbit monoclonal anti-VGluT2 antibody (Product # DF13296, Affinity Biosciences; 1:200 dilution), targeting a protein of about 64 kDa.

Techniques: Expressing, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Neurology

Article Title: Repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation improves motor function in rats with spinal cord injury and is associated with upregulation of EphA4 signaling pathway proteins

doi: 10.3389/fneur.2026.1726570

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein levels of EphA4, EphrinB3, and the downstream proteins Chn1 and Nck1. rTSMS treatment effectively promoted the synthesis of EphA4, EphrinB3, Chn1, and Nck1 in rats with acute SCI. (A) Representative western blot images of EphA4, EphrinB3, Chn1, and Nck1 at weeks 2, 4, and 6. (B) Relative expression level of EphA4 at each time point ( n = 3). (C) Relative expression level of EphrinB3 at each time point ( n = 3). (D) Relative expression level of Chn1 at each time point ( n = 3). (E) Relative expression level of Nck1 at each time point ( n = 3). The data are presented as the means ± standard deviations. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; ns, not significant. CON, control group; rTSMS, repetitive transspinal magnetic stimulation group; S-rTSMS, sham stimulation group; SO, sham-operated group.

Article Snippet: For immunofluorescence, the following primary antibodies were used: a rabbit polyclonal anti-EphA4 antibody (Product # 21875-1-AP, Proteintech; 1:50 dilution), which targets a protein of approximately 120 kDa, and a rabbit monoclonal anti-VGluT2 antibody (Product # DF13296, Affinity Biosciences; 1:200 dilution), targeting a protein of about 64 kDa.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Neurology

Article Title: Repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation improves motor function in rats with spinal cord injury and is associated with upregulation of EphA4 signaling pathway proteins

doi: 10.3389/fneur.2026.1726570

Figure Lengend Snippet: Coexpression of EphA4 and VGluT2 detected by immunofluorescence. Six weeks of rTSMS treatment effectively promoted the synthesis of EphA4 and VGluT2 in cells of the ventral horn of the spinal cord in rats with acute SCI. Panels (A,F,K,P) show low-magnification immunofluorescence overviews of the spinal cord. The ventral horn cell region is outlined by a purple dashed line. A red dashed line indicates the dorsoventral axis. The yellow rectangle marks the specific area selected for high-magnification imaging in the subsequent panels. The scale bar represents 200 μm. High-magnification views (Panels B–E , G–J , L–O , Q–T ) are displayed at a uniform scale of 20 μm (scale bars shown). In these panels, immunopositive signals for EphA4 (detected with Cy3) appear in red, while those for VGluT2 (detected with EGFP) appear in green. Co-localization of EphA4 and VGluT2 immunoreactivity results in a yellowish signal. (U) Proportion of EphA4/VGluT2 double-labeled immunopositive neurons relative to the total cell count ( n = 3). (V) Proportion of EphA4-labeled neurons relative to the total cell count ( n = 3). (W) Proportion of VGluT2-labeled neurons relative to the total cell count ( n = 3). The data are presented as the means ± standard deviations. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; ns, not significant. CON, control group; rTSMS, repetitive transspinal magnetic stimulation group; S-rTSMS, sham stimulation group; SO, sham-operated group.

Article Snippet: For immunofluorescence, the following primary antibodies were used: a rabbit polyclonal anti-EphA4 antibody (Product # 21875-1-AP, Proteintech; 1:50 dilution), which targets a protein of approximately 120 kDa, and a rabbit monoclonal anti-VGluT2 antibody (Product # DF13296, Affinity Biosciences; 1:200 dilution), targeting a protein of about 64 kDa.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Imaging, Labeling, Cell Characterization, Control